Appendix:
Relationships Between Variables
Based on Krueckeberg & Silvers (1974)
Strong Positive (Direct) Relationship
X X Y XY P
L H 1.0 HH .5 X .5 < X
H 0 50 0 HL 0 X
< X
Y 0 LH 0 X
L 50 0 .5 < X
1.0 LL .5
Weak Positive (Direct) Relationship
X X Y XY P
L H .67 HH .33 X
.5 < X X
H 17 33 .33 HL .17 X X X
< X X X
Y .67 LH .17 X X
L 33 17 .5 < X
.33 LL .33
No Relationship, No Interdependence
X X Y XY P
L H .5 HH .25 X X X
.5 < X X
H 25 25 .5 HL .25 X X X
< X X
Y .5 LH .25 X X X X
L 25 25 .5 < X X X X
.5 LL .25
Weak Negative (Inverse) Relationship
X X Y XY P
L H .33 HH .17 X
.5 < X
H 33 17 .67 HL .33 X X X
< X X X
Y .67 LH .33 X X
L 17 33 .5 < X
.33 LL .17
Strong Negative (Inverse) Relationship
X X Y XY P
L H 0 HH 0 X
.5 < X
H 50 0 1.0 HL .5 X
< X
Y 1.0 LH .5 X
L 0 50 .5 < X
0 LL 0
No Relationship
X X Y XY P
L H .5 HH 0
.0 <
H 0 0 .5 HL 0
<
Y 0 LH 0 X X
L 100 0 1.0 < X X
1.0 LL 1.0
Curvilinear Relationship
X X Y XY P
L H 0 HH 0 X
.33 < X
H 33.3 0 1.0 HL .33 X
< X
Y .5 LH .33 X X
L 33.3 33.3 .67 < X X X
.5 LL .33 X X
No Relationship
X X Y XY P
L H 0 HH 0
.5 <
H 0 0 1.0 HL .5
<
Y 0 LH 0 X X X X
L 50 50 .5 < X X X X
1.0 LL .5
© 1996 A.J.Filipovitch
Revised 10 October 96
